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一 |     WASHINGTON -- With the growing popularity of disposable e-cigarettes, communities across the U.S. are confronting a new vaping problem: how to safely get rid of millions of small, battery-powered devices that are considered hazardous waste.For years, the debate surrounding vaping largely centered on its risks for high school and middle school students enticed by flavors like gummy bear, lemonade and watermelon.But the recent shift toward e-cigarettes that can’t be refilled has created a new environmental dilemma. The devices, which contain nicotine, lithium and other metals, cannot be reused or recycled. Under federal environmental law, they also aren’t supposed to go in the trash.U.S. teens and adults are buying roughly 12 million disposable vapes per month. With little federal guidance, local officials are finding their own ways to dispose of e-cigarettes collected from schools, colleges, vape shops and other sites.“We are in a really weird regulatory place where there is no legal place to put these and yet we know, every year, tens of millions of disposables are thrown in the trash,” said Yogi Hale Hendlin, a health and environmental researcher at the University of California, San Francisco.In late August, sanitation workers in Monroe County, New York, packed more than 5,500 brightly colored e-cigarettes into 55-gallon steel drums for transport. Their destination? A giant, industrial waste incinerator in northern Arkansas, where they would be melted down.Sending 350 pounds of vapes across the country to be burned into ash may not sound environmentally friendly. But local officials say it’s the only way to keep the nicotine-filled devices out of sewers, waterways and landfills, where their lithium batteries can catch fire.“These are very insidious devices,” said Michael Garland, who directs the county’s environmental services. “They’re a fire risk and they’re certainly an environmental contaminant if not managed properly.”Elsewhere, the disposal process has become both costly and complicated. In New York City, for example, officials are seizing hundreds of thousands of banned vapes from local stores and spending about 85 cents each for disposal.HAZARDOUS WASTEVaping critics say the industry has skirted responsibility for the environmental impact of its products, while federal regulators have failed to force changes that could make vaping components easier to recycle or less wasteful.Among the possible changes: standards requiring that e-cigarettes be reusable or forcing manufacturers to fund collection and recycling programs. New York, California and several other states have so-called extended product responsibility laws for computers and other electronics. But those laws don't cover vaping products and there are no comparable federal requirements for any industry.Environmental Protection Agency rules for hazardous waste don’t apply to households, meaning it's legal for someone to throw e-cigarettes in the garbage at home. But most businesses, schools and government facilities are subject to EPA standards in how they handle harmful chemicals like nicotine, which the EPA considers an “acute hazardous waste," because it can be poisonous at high levels.In the U.S., the push to manage disposable e-cigarettes has chiefly come from schools, which can face stricter regulation if they generate more than a few pounds of hazardous waste per month. Monroe County schools pay $60 to dispose of each one-gallon container of vapes. More than two thirds of the e-cigarettes collected by the county come from schools.“Our schools were very relieved because they had confiscated so much of this material,” Garland said. “If you think of all the high schools across the country, they are in a very difficult place right now.”Lithium in e-cigarette batteries is the same highly sought metal used to power electric vehicles and cellphones. But the quantities used in vaping devices are too small to warrant salvage. And nearly all disposable e-cigarette batteries are soldered into the device, making it impractical to separate them for recycling.Disposable e-cigarettes currently account for about 53% of the multi-billion U.S. vaping market, according to U.S. government figures, more than doubling since 2020.Their rise is a study in unintended consequences.In early 2020, the Food and Drug Administration banned nearly all flavors from reusable e-cigarettes like Juul, the cartridge-based device blamed for sparking a nationwide surge in underage vaping. But the policy didn't apply to disposables, opening the door to thousands of new varieties of fruit and candy-flavored vapes, almost all manufactured in China.In recent months the FDA has begun trying to block imports of several leading disposable brands, including Elf Bar and Esco Bar. Regulators consider them all illegal, but they have been unable to stop their entry to the U.S. and the devices are now ubiquitous in convenience stores, gas stations and other shops. FDA’s tobacco chief, Brian King, said in a statement that his agency “will continue to carefully consider the potential environmental impacts” of vaping products.THE COST OF CONFISCATING DISPOSABLE E-CIGARETTESIn 2020, New York City outlawed the vast majority of e-cigarette types, banning flavors that can appeal to youngsters.City employees conduct thousands of inspections annually, and last year issued more than 2,400 citations to corner stores and bodegas selling illegal flavored products. Adding to the challenge are THC vapes sold at hundreds of unlicensed marijuana shops, a separate but related problem that has mushroomed since New York's legalization of recreational pot.Since last November, officials have seized more than 449,000 vape units, according to city figures. New York City is spending about $1,400 to destroy each container of 1,200 confiscated vapes, but many more remain in city storage lockers. “I don’t think anyone ever considered the volume of these in our community,” said New York Sheriff Anthony Miranda, who leads a task force on the issue. “There’s a tremendous amount of resources going into this effort.” A recent lawsuit against four large vaping distributors aims to recoup some of the city's costs. For now, New Yorkers who vape can bring their used e-cigarettes to city-sponsored waste-collection events.Ultimately those vapes meet a familiar fate: They are shipped to Gum Springs, Arkansas, to be incinerated by Veolia, an international waste management firm. The company has incinerated more than 1.6 million pounds of vaping waste in recent years, mostly unsold inventory or discontinued products.Veolia executives say burning e-cigarettes' lithium batteries can damage their incinerators.“Ideally we don’t want to incinerate them because it has to be done very, very slowly. But if have to, we will,” said Bob Cappadona, who leads the company’s environmental services division.Veolia also handles e-cigarettes from Boulder County, Colorado, one of the only U.S. jurisdictions that actively tries to recycle e-cigarette batteries and components.Historically, Boulder has had one of the highest teen vaping rates in the country, peaking at nearly 33% in 2017. “It was like someone flicked the switch. Suddenly e-cigarettes were everywhere,” said Daniel Ryan, principal of Centaurus High School. Beginning in 2019, county officials began distributing bins to schools for confiscated or discarded e-cigarettes. Last year, they collected 3,500. County staffers sort the devices by type, separating those with removable batteries for recycling. Disposables are packed and shipped to Veolia's incinerator. Shelly Fuller, who directs the program, says managing vape waste has gotten more costly and labor intensive with the shift to disposables.“I kind of miss the days when we had Juuls and I could take each battery out and recycle them very easily,” Fuller said. “No one has time to dismantle a thousand Esco Bars.”___AP video journalist Joseph Frederick contributed to this story from New York___Follow Matthew Perrone on Twitter: @AP_FDAwriter___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。    新加坡素来被称作是“花园城市”。

二 | 在新加坡各地区，甚至是组屋区附近，经常就能看到自然景点和繁华的绿洲。组屋旁的碧山-宏茂桥公园，图源：新加坡公园局但是，要是你认为已经去过了新加坡所有自然保护区和公园，那就大错特错！新加坡这些刚刚新建和即将建成的公园，是很适合步行或骑车的路线！肯定能给不再那么兴奋的你带来不一样的惊喜~ 已经建成的项目现在就可以去！01 新加坡东部走廊亮点：连接白沙公园和东海岸公园的18公里长通道 图源：见水印东部走廊由2021年起逐步开通的公园连道组成，于今年2月竣工，全长18公里，连接沿途8个不同的公园和户外休闲场所。这是国家公园管理局一项名为“自然之城”的倡议的一部分。到2030年，他们的目标是让每个家庭都能步行10分钟就能到达一处公园。在这里，大家能沉浸在各种大自然的体验，包括到淡滨尼生态园（Tampines Eco Green）观鸟、到访太阳广场公园（Sun Plaza Park）的康疗花园，以及到东海岸公园进行体育活动。图源：新加坡公园局02 新加坡巴西班让公园连道亮点：连接拉柏多自然保护区和西海岸公园的风情之旅 图源：FB@Ng Eng Hen新加坡南部山脊连成片的地区更多了！2023年年底，巴西班让公园连道的一段新的2.2公里路段正式开放，可以直通西海岸公园了~现在，新加坡南部地区总共13个公园被连接成一条徒步或自行车道。其中，巴西班让公园连道的建设元素就是附近的港口码头。大家在由改造集装箱建造的各种避难所中寻找阴凉处，并欣赏大炮和锚等航海文物。图源：新加坡公园局03 波那维斯达社区活动中心 亮点：隐藏在写字楼中间的自然公园图源：见水印Buona Vista社区活动中心于2024年4月开放，占地1.6公顷，位于备受喜爱的老铁路走廊沿线。位于Metropolis和Elementum商业中心办公楼之间，没有什么比远离喧嚣朝九晚五的自然保护区更让人期待的了！这里有适合孩子们一起玩耍的儿童游乐场，完美和周围的大自然融为了一体：图源：URA也有适合成年人和乐龄人士运动锻炼的综合健身区：图源：8视界还有500平方米的大草坪被当做灵活户外活动空间，来这里野餐也是很棒的~图源：8视界新加坡公共场合不是随处都允许涂鸦的。但来到这个坐落在天底下的街头艺术空间，或许就不是问题了！图源：8视界沿路走过，可以欣赏到种植在这里的名贵花草，包括了石龙刍和蒲草。

三 | 将大自然和市政建设合为一体，这里种植的植物，还可以收集路面上平时无法吸收掉的多余雨水，免得这一带一到雨天就变成一片泽国哦~图源：URA04 滨海湾花园翠鸟湿地亮点：滨海湾公园里的新景观，可免费入场 图源：滨海湾花园翠鸟湿地Kingfisher Wetlands是一个占地15000平方米的保护区，种植了200多棵本土红树林。这个自然保护区不仅可以免费进入，大家还能看到可能在自然里才能见到的潺潺流水，数不清的植物和野生动物物种在3 区域繁衍生息。对了！连新加坡前总理李显龙，也曾在休假的时候，来过这里打卡哦~图源：李显龙脸书05 武吉甘柏公园亮点：蝴蝶园、狗狗友好 图源：8视界武吉甘柏多山，每座山丘都形成一座公园，依山而建，各具特色。最新的武吉甘柏公园，2021年9月正式开放，算是社区里很新的景点。整座公园就是一座小山，沿着400米的山丘步道可以绕行一圈, 上山头种植约1500棵树和30种花类，沿途设有遛狗场、健身设施等等，还有开放给公众租来进行园艺的社区花园。 图源：CNA走到最高处是一个蝴蝶花园，蝴蝶在花草间飞舞，放眼可俯瞰山下组屋区与大片山坡绿地。连同附近小桂林一带的武吉巴督镇公园，以及武吉巴督自然公园及蔡厝港公园连道轻松步行，穿梭邻里，大家可以往来于各园区间，探索不一样的自然休闲风情。图源：新加坡公园局06 巴西班让公园亮点：带沙地的自然游乐花园 在巴西班让公园连道之前，来巴西班让公园玩吧！园内的沙质地形，让人不禁想起想起该地区的海岸线。迎接您的将是一个自然游乐花园，园内提供互动设备供孩子玩耍，走道旁还有酷炫的海洋文物雕塑。 图源：见水印07 乌敏岛Coastal Arboretum亮点：拥有70多种本土物种的红树林 图源：新加坡公园局沿海林园（coastal arboretum）占地约一公顷。园内将种有约70个本地沿海树木品种，其中包括海红胶木（Sea Tristania）、大叶箣柊（Damak-damak Tahun）等濒临绝种的植物。新林园将与现有的红树林园（mangrove arboretum）相辅相成，成为学生和学者研究岛上生态多样性的宝贵资源。图源：CNA08 裕廊湖公园漂浮湿地亮点：新加坡最大的人造漂浮湿地 图源：新加坡公园局裕廊湖湖畔花园项目是新加坡第三个国家级花园，如今已经成为新加坡市民最受欢迎的公园之一。本次人工漂浮湿地位于裕廊公园内，占地3850平方米，是新加坡公用事业局ABC水资源治理计划的最新建成项目。设计旨在最大限度地利用裕廊湖水体，创造不同于陆地的景观空间体验，设计通过宽敞的景观长廊和木栈道为游客提供更加广阔的视野，并且可以近距离观察湿地风景和野生动物。图源：Sunny City Kids游客和居民可以在这里参与皮划艇和龙舟等水上活动，也可以静静欣赏数不清的水生植物。图源：海峡时报09 Tropical Montane Orchidetum亮点：植物园内的胡姬花绿洲。

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